Center for Activity Theory and Developmental Work Research

Miettinen, R. & Hasu, M. (2002). Articulating User Needs in Collaborative Design: Towards an Activity-Theoretical Approach. Computer Supported Collaborative Work, 11, 129-151 (no. 1-2) (Special issue on Activity Theory and Design).

This paper analyses the collaborative design of a high-technology product, a neuromagnetometer used in the analysis of the activity of the human cortex. The producer, Neuromag Company is trying to transform the device from a basic research instrument into a means of clinical practice. This transition is analyzed as a simultaneous evolution of the product, producer-user network and user activities. The network is analyzed as a network of activity systems. Each activity has a historically formed object and a motive of its own, as well as a system of cultural means and expertise. We use these to explain and understand the interests and points of view of the actors in relation to the product and the contradictions of the producer-user network.

It is suggested that the emerging user needs of collective actors must be analyzed at three levels. At the first level, the use value of the product, its capacity of solving the vital problems and challenges of developing user activities, is characterized. The second-level analysis concerns the creation and development of the necessary complementary tools and services that make the implementation and use of the product possible. This task presupposes collaboration between several communities of the innovation network. The third level is the situated practical use of the product. In our experience, it is advantageous that researchers contribute with their data to a dialogue in which the user needs are articulated.